Skin Diseases (त्वचा रोग )

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Skin Diseases (त्वचा रोग )

Your skin is the large organ that covers and protects your body. Your skin has many functions. It works to: Hold in fluid and prevent dehydration. Help you feel sensations, such as temperature or pain. Keep out bacteria, viruses and other causes of infection. Stabilize your body temperature. Synthesize (create) vitamin D in response to sun exposure. Skin diseases include all conditions that clog, irritate or inflame your skin. Often, skin diseases cause rashes or other changes in your skin’s appearance.

Some skin diseases are minor. Others cause severe symptoms. Some of the most common skin diseases include: Acne, blocked skin follicles that lead to oil, bacteria and dead skin buildup in your pores. Alopecia areata, losing your hair in small patches. Atopic dermatitis (eczema), dry, itchy skin that leads to swelling, cracking or scaliness. Psoriasis, scaly skin that may swell or feel hot. Raynaud’s phenomenon, periodic reduced blood flow to your fingers, toes or other body parts, causing numbness or skin color change. Rosacea, flushed, thick skin and pimples, usually on the face. Skin cancer, uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells. Vitiligo, patches of skin that lose pigment.

Symptoms

  • Actinic prurigo (AP), itchy rash in response to sun exposure.
  • Argyria, changes in skin color due to silver buildup in your body.
  • Chromhidrosis, colored sweat.
  • Epidermolysis bullosa, a connective tissue disorder that causes fragile skin that blisters and tears easily.
  • Harlequin ichthyosis, thick, hard patches or plates on the skin that are present at birth.
  • Lamellar ichthyosis, waxy skin layer that sheds in the first few weeks of life, revealing scaly, red skin.
  • Necrobiosis lipoidica, rash on the lower legs that can develop into ulcers (sores).
  • Skin disease symptoms vary significantly, depending on what condition you have. Skin changes are not always due to skin diseases. For example, you may get a blister from wearing ill-fitting shoes. However, when skin changes show up with no known cause, they may be linked to an underlying condition.

Diagnosis and Tests How is a skin disease diagnosed?

Biopsy, removing a small piece of skin to examine under a microscope. Culture, taking a skin sample to test for bacteria, fungus or viruses. Skin patch test, applying small amounts of substances to test for allergic reactions. Black light examination (Wood light test), using an ultraviolet (UV) light to view your skin’s pigment more clearly. Diascopy, pressing a microscope slide against a skin patch to see if the skin changes color. Dermoscopy, using a hand-held device called a dermatoscope to diagnose skin lesions. Tzanck test, examining the fluid from a blister to check for herpes simplex or herpes zoster.

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